The land utilization structure optimization will promote the sustainable development of ecosystems, which is the top priority. The ultimate goal of ecological management is to optimize the ecosystem services to maximize the services provided by the ecosystem. The paper select the typical ecologically fragile Lijiang River basin as the study area, and the maximization of the value of the whole ecosystem services as the research target. First, combined with field experiments and five phases of Landsat high-resolution remote sensing images to obtain the basic data, estimated each item from 1998 to 2018 for the value of ecosystem services research area. Then combined with the gray linear model for predicting the value in 2018-2028. Final,with the help of Lingo software so as to put forward the optimization scheme of land structure to maximize ecological benefits, and then further to making comparison and analysis for the ecosystem value in research area where were optimized before and after. The results showed that (1) Nearly 20 years, in study area the principal land-use types are forestland and cultivated land, which accounts for 98% of whole drainage basin. The water area and cultivated land area decreased year by year, but the forestland and construction land as well as unused land area continue to increase. In addition, unused land area had changed obviously, which even increased around 30 times and mainly converted from forest land and cultivated land. (2) During studying, the value of ecosystem service had decreased around 19.55×10⁶ RMB, which showed the trend of down after up and will keep such trend in long term. Till 2028, the drainage basin ecosystem services values will be reduced to 8067.43×10⁶ RMB. So, the forest land value is the highest among the overall ecosystem of the drainage basin, which occupies around the 86% of basin total value in past years, followed by the water area and cultivated land area, which account for 8% and 6% separately. (3) After optimizing the study area, the total ecosystem services values in the Lijiang River basin has increased 2%, which mainly because the forest land and water area increased and improved the supply capacity for the ecosystem regulating services. Meanwhile, the arable land and construction land increased slightly, and the area of the unused land decreased significantly, which keeps the same level in 2008. This study provided the scientific support for ecological management in karst areas by optimizing the key ecosystem services values.