Basin landscape is one of the core attractions of tourism activities, and it is also a highly operable research object to explore the impact of tourism disturbances on the large-scale ecological environment. Based on the Landsat series of remote sensing images, taking the Xin'an River Basin as a case study, in-depth analysis of the evolution process of the river basin landscape pattern under the background of tourism disturbances in the logical order from the basin to the scenic area, and measure the driving factors of the basin landscape pattern with the help of grids and Geodetector. The results show that:(1) the forest landscape is dominant in the Xin'an River Basin, the landscape index of grassland fluctuates the most, and the agglomeration and contiguous development trend of construction land is the most significant. The overall landscape pattern is intensified by human disturbance, the landscape diversity is improved, and the landscape structure tends to develop in a balanced manner. (2) Compared with general areas, tourism hotspots are more subject to human disturbance, and the landscape is more fragmented and diverse. However, from the perspective of change trends, the deterioration of the landscape pattern of tourism hotspots is weaker than that of general areas, and tourism activities have not aggravated the deteriorating trend of river basin landscape patterns. The high-intensity tourism development and construction activities in the scenic area will aggravate the fragmentation of the scenic area, reduce the superiority and integrity of the dominant landscape, and increase the diversity of the scenic area. (3) From the factor level, the landscape pattern of the Xin'an River Basin is mainly affected by disturbance sources such as rivers, cities, and scenic spots. Indicators such as elevation and slope are also the core driving forces driving the evolution of the landscape pattern of the Xin'an River Basin. From the dimension level, topography is the core driving dimension of the landscape pattern evolution, while the dimensions of climate, industrial development level, and transportation have little influence on the overall landscape pattern. (4) The high-level scenic factors in the tourism dimension have a significant effect on the landscape pattern, but the number of tourists and tourism income have a low explanatory power on the landscape pattern. The tourism dimension did not play a leading role in the evolution of the overall landscape pattern of the Xin'an River Basin, and the interference of tourism on the landscape pattern of the river basin had a scale-limited effect.