The purpose of this study is to explore the soil-fixing and water-holding capacity and influencing factors of rocky bryophytes typical habitat in karst areas. Based on the distribution and morphological characteristics of rocky mosses, we deeply discussed the effects of soil-fixing and water-holding of rocky mosses under different habitats. The results showed that:(1) the habitat has significant effects on the soil-fixing and water-holding capacity of rocky bryophytes. Bryum funkii in the grassland has the highest soil consolidation capacity of 8.85×10³ kg/hm². The water holding capacity of Eurohypnum leptothallum in the bare land is the highest, and its maximum water holding capacity is 14 times of its own dry weight. Rocky bryophytes show a higher soil fixation rate under bare land and grassland, but have a better water holding rate under arbor forest and grass land. (2) The moss type has a significant influence on the soil water holding capacity. The soil fixation rate of the 4 species of rocky bryophytes is Bryum funkii > Didymodon constrictus var.constrictus > Hyophila involuta > Eurohypnum leptothallum, and the difference is significant. The water holding rate of the 4 species of bryophytes is Eurohypnum leptothallum > Bryum funkii > Hyophila involuta > Didymodon constrictus var.constrictus. (3) The soil and water retention capacity of rocky bryophytes is affected by its own functional characteristics and site environment. There is a significantly positive correlation between the soil fixation rate and dry weight of bryophytes, and the water holding capacity is positively correlated with the dry weight and biomass of bryophytes. In conclusion, from the perspectives of soil fixation and water conservation and ecological restoration, we should strengthen the control of rocky desertification in bare land and grassland. In addition, Bryum funkii and Eurohypnum leptothallum can be considered as the pioneer moss for ecological restoration of karst rock surface, which can effectively solve the problem of rocky desertification in karst areas with large areas of exposed bedrock and improve soil and water conservation benefits in karst areas.