The Yellow River Wetland in He'nan Provence is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and plays an important role in watershed ecological security. From west to east with the change of topography, plant and animal species composition and diversity changes complex. From 2011 to 2015, a comprehensive survey of vascular plants and mammals in the Yellow River Wetland Reserve in Sanmenxia, Luoyang and Jiaozuo was conducted to compare and analyze the differences of plant and animal diversity among the three regions. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) analysis and cluster analysis were used to sort and classify the species composition data. Results showed that:(1)there were 130 families, 493 genera and 1128 species of plants and 6 orders, 15 families and 48 species of mammals in Sanmenxia Yellow River Wetland; there were 128 families, 470 genera, 1049 species of vascular plants and 7 orders, 18 families and 61 species of mammals in Luoyang Yellow River wetland; and there were 90 families, 290 genera, 542 species of plants and 6 orders, 11 families and 34 species of mammals in Jiaozuo Yellow River wetland. (2) The diversity of vascular plants decreased from Sanmenxia Yellow River Wetland to Luoyang Yellow River Wetland to Jiaozuo Yellow River Wetland. (3) The vascular plant diversity and mammals diversity of the Yellow River Wetland in Sanmenxia were not significantly different from Luoyang Yellow River Wetland, but were significantly different from Jiaozuo Yellow River Wetland. The results enrich the research data of plant and animal diversity in the Yellow River Wetland Reserve in He'nan Province, and provide a basis for the conservation management and scientific research monitoring of the reserve.