The Larix principis-rupprechtii forest soils from four altitudes (1900 m, 2100 m, 2300 m, and 2500 m) in Liupan Mountain Nature Reserve were chosen as the research object to analyze the distribution rules of soil organic carbon content, organic carbon density at different soil depths and its influencing factors. This study provides a scientific basis for the accurate estimation of soil carbon storage and evaluation of carbon sequestration effects in Larix principis-rupprechtii forest. The results showed that:(1) The soil particles in Larix principis-rupprechtii forest are mainly composed of coarse silt, fine silt and very fine sand, clay content was the lowest, less than 1%. The forest land were neutral or alkalescent, and the pH value ranged from 6.74 to 8.19. Except the pH value, the variation of other soil physicochemical properties along the elevation gradient was not significant (P>0.05). (2) In 1m depth standard soil profile, the value of soil organic carbon content ranged from 15.8 to 35.45 g/kg, organic carbon density ranged from 21.34 to 42.28 kg/m², and the variation degree of them in the deep layer (40-100 cm) was greater than that in the surface soil (0-40 cm). (3) With the increase of altitude, the surface accumulation of soil organic carbon was gradually unobvious. During the same altitude gradient, soil organic carbon content and organic carbon density showed a decreasing trend with the increase of soil depth. However, in the same soil depth, soil organic carbon content and organic carbon density tend to increase at first and then decrease with the increase of altitude. In addition, soil organic carbon content and organic carbon density caused the least degree of variation at elevation<2100 m throughout the soil profiles. (4) Results from the redundancy analysis showed that soil physicochemical properties can explain 81.02% total variation of soil organic carbon content and organic carbon density in Larix principis-rupprechtii forest. Among them, electrical conductivity was a main factor driving the variation of soil organic carbon in Larix principis-rupprechtii forest along altitudinal gradients, accounting for 41.21% of total interpretation. This study revealed the change regularity of soil organic carbon in Larix principis-rupprechtii forest along the elevation gradient, and it can provide basis for rational carbon management and sustainable development of plantation.