Four global bay areas (Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area, Tokyo Bay Area, San Francisco Bay Area, and New York Bay Area) are highly economically developed yet ecologically vulnerable, whose development are crucial to global sustainable development. Despite the rapid economic development, the ecological and environmental problems limit the sustainable development of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area, and thus hinder its goal to build a first-class international bay area. Few previous studies addressed the issue of ecological and environmental development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area, nor did they establish a comprehensive ecological and environmental assessment system for bay areas. In this study, we built an ecological and environmental evaluation database for the four bay areas by integrating multisource domestic and foreign statistics and remote sensing data. The ecologically and environmentally comprehensive evaluation index system was established based on the ecological and environmental quality, as well as the resource utilization efficiency. The results showed that in 2015, Tokyo Bay Area had the highest comprehensive evaluation index, followed by San Francisco Bay Area, New York Bay Area, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area; for the ecological quality, New York Bay Area had the highest score and Tokyo Bay Area has the lowest, with San Francisco Bay Area, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area ranking second and third; as to the environmental quality San Francisco Bay Area ranked first, followed by Tokyo Bay Area, New York Bay Area, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area; in terms of the resource utilization efficiency, Tokyo Bay Area performed the best, San Francisco Bay Area, New York Bay Area, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area followed accordingly. From 2005 to 2015, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area grew slowly in the area of environmental quality. However, it ranked first in ecological quality and resource utilization efficiency. Based on the above analysis, San Francisco Bay Area and New York Bay Area excelled in the development of ecological and environmental quality, but did not perform as good in resource utilization efficiency. By comparison, Tokyo Bay Area had great advantage in resource utilization efficiency, but its disadvantages were in ecological quality. In general, there was still a gap between Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area and the other three bay areas in terms of ecological and environmental development, and we suggested that Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay area should learn from the developed countries with regard to the management of ecological space, eco-environmental governance, and resource utilization efficiency.