Estimating the national-scale terrestrial ecosystem carbon budget and their response to climate change is important to enhance the scientific and technological innovation capabilities of earth system science and global change science, to increase China's right to speak in international action to respond to global climate change, and to improve national ecological security and ecosystem management. The study of terrestrial ecosystems' carbon sources and sinks at the national scale is not only an urgent need to effectively mitigate greenhouse gases and tackle climate change, but also a task for the development of earth system science and global change science. In recent years, China has carried out a lot of research in the fields of climate change and terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle, mainly using national inventory, ecological modelling, and atmospheric inversion. However, there is large uncertainties in the estimating large-scale terrestrial ecosystem carbon sources and sinks and a comprehensive analysis of carbon sources and sinks in China's terrestrial ecosystems has not yet been formed. In this study, we collected 59 published literatures on China's terrestrial ecosystems and their components, to analyze the magnitudes and dynamics of carbon sources and sinks in China's terrestrial ecosystems by integrating the three methods of national inventory, ecological modelling, and atmospheric inversion. The results found that from 1960s to 2010s, China's terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink showed an increasing trend, with an average of (0.213±0.030) Pg C/a, of which forest, grassland, cropland and shrub ecosystems were (0.101±0.023) Pg C/a, (0.032±0.007) Pg C/a, (0.043±0.010) Pg C/a and (0.028±0.010) Pg C/a, respectively. Vegetation carbon sinks in forest ecosystems were much larger than soil carbon sinks, but this pattern was reversed in grassland and cropland ecosystems. Moreover, the carbon sinks of the major vegetation types in China showed an increasing trend from 1960s to 2010s. Therefore, we recommend that the fusion of multi-source data (ground observation, lidar, and satellite remote sensing), multi-scale data (sample scale, site scale, and regional scale), and multi-method data (networked observation, national inventory, and modeling) to reduce the uncertainties in the large-scale terrestrial ecosystem carbon budgets, which is helpful for comprehensive assessment of carbon sources and sinks in China's terrestrial ecosystem and its response to climate change.