Biological soil crusts (biocrusts), which are widely distributed in the revegetated grasslands and forms various distribution patterns due to the disturbance, are a major influence factor on runoff and sediment yield in the Hilly Loess Plateau Region, China. In order to clarify the effect of biocrusts distribution patterns on the runoff and sediment yield from the slope surface, the runoff and sediments yield from three distribution patterns of biocrusts (zonation, chessboard, and random) were investigated by using the simulated rainfall experiments. In addition, the pattern index of the biocrusts patch was calculated by means the landscape ecology method. The association between the biocrusts distribution pattern and runoff and sediment yield on the slope was analyzed. The results showed that (1) biocrusts distribution pattern significantly affected the initial runoff time, runoff rate and soil erosion rate from the slope. Under the same coverage conditions, the random distribution of biocrusts significantly reduced the runoff and sediment yield of the slope compared to the zonal and checkerboard pattern. The runoff rate and soil erosion rate of random distribution pattern was 71.7% and 12.9% of the zonation pattern, 89.6% and 31.8% of the chessboard pattern. (2) The runoff rate on the slope surface was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the Largest Patch Index (LPI) and Patch Cohesion Index (COHESION) of biocrusts patch. It was extremely significantly positively correlated to the Splitting Index (SPLIT) and significantly positively correlated with the Landscape Division Index (DIVISION). (3) soil erosion rate was negatively correlated with the LPI and COHESION of biocrusts patch. It was positively correlated with the DIVISION and SPLIT. (4) The relationship between runoff rate (Y₁) and soil erosion rate (Y₂) and SPLIT was: Y₁=1.116+0.017SPLIT, R²: 0.967; Y₂=22.767+17.936SPLIT, R²: 0.801. (5) The results of the study showed that the distribution pattern mainly affected the separation of biocrusts on the slope surface and then affected the runoff and sediment yield. The biocrusts patch fragmentation degree and the runoff and sediment yield increased along with the increase of the biocrusts patch SPLIT. This study analyzes the effects of biocrusts on runoff and sediment yield from the perspective of the distribution pattern, quantifies the relationship between runoff rate and erosion rate and pattern index of biocrusts slopes, which provides a scientific basis for quantifying the function of biocrusts on soil and water conservation.