Community species diversity and functional diversity is one of the hot topics in ecological research, and it is great significance to protect biodiversity and maintain ecosystem functions. In this study, the change and relationship of species diversity and functional diversity in different slope aspects of alpine meadow were discussed by field community survey, R software package (FD, vegan) and single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), so as to reveal the adaptation strategies of plants to the environment, the functional characteristics of community species and the change mechanism on microhabitat gradient. The results showed that:(1) from north to south slope, the soil water content (SWC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) presented a decreasing trend; the slope gradient (SG), illumination (LI), soil temperature (ST), and pH were increasing; the soil total nitrogen (STN) and total phosphorus (STP) were significantly lower on the west slope than those on other slope. (2) The species diversity index decreased from north to south slope. (3) Plant single-trait functional diversities were significantly different on slope (P<0.05). The PH_FDrao, LWC_FDrao, SLA_FDrao, LCC_FDrao, LNC_FDrao, LPC_FDrao, LKC_FDrao on the north slope were higher than those on the south slope, except LDWC_FDrao. (4) The functional richness (FRic) and functional dispersion (FDis) of multiple-traits decreased gradually along the slope aspect gradients, and there was no significant difference in functional evenness (FEve) between slope aspects. Correlation analysis and path analysis showed that the main environmental determinants and limiting factors of functional diversity index (functional richness, functional evenness, and functional dispersion) were different. pH was the main environmental limiting factor of functional richness and functional evenness; soil temperature was the main environmental limiting factor of functional dispersion; and the main environmental determinant of functional dispersion was soil water content. (5) The species diversity indices had positive linear correlation with functional richness, negative linear correlation with functional dispersion, but not with functional uniformity. The relationships between species diversity and functional diversity and their response to environmental changes determine the community ecosystem function.At the same time, it can be better to understand coexistence mechanism of species, and the relationship between biodiversity protection and ecosystem functions and processes is of great significance.