In recent decades, the eco-environmental damage caused by pollution has frequently occurred in many lake ecosystems all over the world. Eutrophication is the one of the most common consequences of long-term damage to lake ecosystems, which is driven by excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorus. To better conserve lake ecosystems, it is thus imperative to establish a standard evaluation procedure and develop an efficient evaluation technique for making scientific and accurate judgements on the degree of lake eco-environmental damage. Currently, many scholars agree that the critical aspect and precondition for the scientific and effective assessment of eco-environmental damage is the determination of a practical and reasonable eco-environmental damage baseline. In this study, based on surveying the relevant national standards and a large number of publications, we firstly synthesized and presented the determination principles, procedures, and methods for lake eco-environmental baseline. Secondly, we introduced all kinds of extrapolation models aiming at different receptors in this field, including the corresponding determination method and determination process, advantages and disadvantages, since they are increasingly being used in the case studies. Thirdly, we also briefly presented several typical case studies to indicate how to determine a practical and reasonable eco-environmental damage baseline. Finally, we provided three perspectives for the further research of the lake eco-environment baseline determination. We hope that this review article could provide the support for forming the method and process of unification, effectivity, reasonability, and high applicability for the determination of eco-environmental baseline in lake ecosystems.