Litter, as an effective carrier of nutrients, plays an important role in forest nutrient cycles. In recent years, several studies have been carried out on litter; however, the spatial distribution of litter yield in a forest and its effects on the spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients have not been thoroughly investigated. In August 2008, 50 litter traps with horizontal areas of 0.71 m×0.71 m along a path in the 5hm² forest dynamics plot in the Baishanzu midmountain subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest were set and all the litter falling into the traps was collected twice a month during a period from 2009 to 2017. The litter was dried in an oven at 80℃ at a constant weight and was weighed. In July 2014, soil samples were collected using an earth drill from three 1m×1m quadrats with an adjacent distance of 2 m for each of the 50 litter traps (50×3 samples). Each soil sample was divided into surface and near-surface layers (i.e., 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm, respectively). Total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter contents of these soil samples were determined by common soil chemistry approaches. The elevation, convexity, and slope of each 10m×10m quadrat were assigned to the trap located in the quadrat. Simultaneous auto-regression was used to analyze effects of topography and community structure on the litter and its component yields. The community structure was described according to the total basal area, mean diameter at breast height (DBH), and species richness of trees with DBH ≥ 5 cm in the 5 or 10 m radius neighborhood of the traps. Further, the impact of the topography and annual litter input on the soil nutrient concentration was studied using a linear mixed effect model. The results showed that (1) only convexity was positively correlated with the total and leaf litter yields; (2) the mean DBH of the trees in the neighborhood significantly increased the total, leaf, twig and bark litter yields, while the number of species in the neighborhood significantly increased the total, leaf, and reproductive organ litter yields; (3) the terrain convexity significantly increased the soil organic matter content in the surface layer (0-10 cm deep) but significantly reduced the total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents in the near-surface layer (10-20 cm deep); and (4) the total litter input significantly increased the alkaline nitrogen and organic matter contents in the surface soil. Our results suggest that the spatial variation in the litter yield in the Baishanzu evergreen broadleaf forest is determined by the topography and forest structure and affects the spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients in the forest.