Water temperature is a fundamental ecological factor that influences all aspects of physiology, behaviour and even life-history of fish. The extreme climate change and thermal discharged water produced by the power station often induce acute water temperature change of the received water body, which exerts important influences on survival and growth of fish living in this water body. Here, our study aimed at how different water temperature rising patterns and ecological context affected collective behaviour of the fish. The juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) was used as fish model in this study. The collective behaviour traits, such as individual swimming speed, synchronization of individual swimming velocity, inter-individual distance, the nearest neighbor distance, group polarization as well as foraging, were examined at the initial and final of the experiment under the combined conditions of three temperature treatments (i.e., constant at 16 ^oC, slow and fast temperature rising with an increment of 10℃), and three ecological contexts (i.e., open water, food, and food plus refuge). The present study showed that the fish increased their individual swimming speed after the acute temperature rising, but this effect was not detected in both the control and slow temperature rising treatment. The synchronization of individual swimming speed did not change in both the fast and slow temperature rising treatment at the final of experiment. Contrary to our prediction, both the inter-individual distance and the nearest neighbor distance were not affected by both the water temperature rising and ecological context. Although the group polarization exhibited no change after the water temperature rising, it showed a decreased tendency as increased with complexity of ecological context. All of the percentage diet fed by fish shoals increased in the three temperature treatments after the water temperature rising, but not depended on the ecological contexts. The collective personality was found in the shoals of the gibel carp with exhibiting substantial behavioural differences between the groups persisted both within and across the ecological contexts. The repeatability and phenotypic correlations of both individual and group level characteristics were found over time and across ecological contexts. The present study suggested that the group cohesion and coordination maintained constantly after the water temperature rising, but the individual swimming speed and its synchronization, and the group polarity decreased as increased of complexity of the ecological contexts. However, the group cohesion could remain stability across different ecological contexts.