The objective of this study is to examine the effects of ant-hills on soil microarthropod communities in an alpine meadow ecosystem. Six ant-hills with diameter between 30 cm and 35 cm and six paired adjacent plots (with 2 m interval) as control were randomly selected in May, June and October 2018 in a Zoigê alpine meadow. Soil samples were collected from ant-hills and controls. Soil microarthropods were extracted from the soil samples for 48 h at 38 ℃ using the Tullgren method in the laboratory. The results showed that (1) the ant-hills markedly changed the structure of soil microarthropod communities, i.e., the dominant group shifting from mites to springtails. (2) The individual densities of the Entomobryomorph, Prostigmata and Oribatida in ant-hills were significantly higher than those in controls (P<0.05), but significant differences in the individual percentage between ant-hills and controls were only observed for Oribatida (P<0.05). (3) The significant increases were observed for the individual density and diversity of soil microarthropod communities in ant-hills (P<0.05), especially for the individual densities of some fungivorous springtails (such as Coloburella, Cryptopygus and Folsomia) and saprophagous mites (such as Brennandania, Biscirus, Microppia and Hypovertex). (4) The individual density of soil microarthropod communities increased then declined in ant-hills (P<0.05) but increased continually in controls (P>0.05) from May to October. The group number and Shannon index increased in both ant-hills and controls with significance only observed in controls (P<0.05). (5) The group number and Shannon diversity significantly and positively correlated with the soil organic matter content, but the individual density significantly and negatively correlated with soil bulk density. The results indicated that ant-hills could change the taxonomic composition structure, and increase the individual density and diversity of soil microarthropod communities.