The comparison analysis of social structures and spatial distributions of golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in different regions is of significance in understanding the mutual response among populations and the surrounding environments. This study observes three different groups (Dapingyu troop, Yuhuangmiao troop and Zharugou troop) of golden snub-nosed monkeys in the Qinling Mountains (altitude of 1150-2890m above sea level) and the Minshan Mountains (altitude of 1996-4764m above sea level) to compare the differences regarding the social structure and spatial distribution. The results indicate that, due to the different habitat environments, the social structure and spatial distribution show some similarities in common and exists certain differences. All three groups present features of the multi-level system regarding the social structure. The proportion of male and female within One-male unit (OMU) shows significant difference not only among three observe troops, but among other snub-nosed monkeys species as well. For spatial distribution, due to the different effects of food competition and predation pressure on natural enemies in different habitats, the spatial distribution of the three observation groups shows a gradient change relationship. This research facilitates in the current study on Rhinopithecus roxellana regarding its developments and adaptation ability to the environments. Lastly, it is expected that this research could inspire further research and guide conservation works on endangered non-human primates.