The environmental condition was very bad in alpine tundra in Changbai Mountain. The species composition and temporal variation of moths were revealed by the study of moths in alpine tundra. It would provide the basis for moth's adaptive capacity to tundra extreme habitat and the role of moth in maintaining ecological balance in the alpine tundra. The moths specimens were collected by light trap in tundra in June, July, and August, the species composition temporal dynamics were analyzed from 2005 to 2007, and 2019. In total 1585 specimens were collected belong to 13 families, 126 species. Noctuidae was dominant group, Anaplectoides prasina and Cosmia unicolor were dominant species, and rare species were very rich in this study. The distribution of species-abundance of the moths closed to the niche hypothesis. The species number, individual number, richness index, and diversity index were the highest, but evenness of species was the lowest in July. The reactions of different groups to time showed some differences. The adaptive capacity of Anaplectoides virens was relative strong in August and Euxoa lidia was relative strong in June. The ordinal dates of each species was certain differences. Only 10 species of moths were collected in all 3 months. The environmental conditions were very bad, the diversity of moths were very low, and the activity time of moths adults were short in alpine tundra in Changbai Mountain. The different groups of moth in the tundra environment showed the different adaptability. The adaptability of Noctuidae was stronger than that of other groups, but the adaptability of Geometridae was relative low. The moths were sensitive to time change.