As a typical representative of herbivorous wildlife in the Tibetan Plateau, the Tibetan antelope is listed as near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List for endangered wildlife protection. It is mainly distributed in China, India, and Nepal. Presently, there is no clear range for Tibetan antelope habitat in the Chang Tang area. Accurate identification regarding its habitat distribution will help to locate key areas for Tibetan antelope population protection. It will also aid in the coordination of efforts to manage conflicts between humans and wildlife from the socio-economic development of the Chang Tang plateau, which has exhibited an increasing trend. The field investigation was combined with a Species Distribution Model in this study. Habitat selection, preference, and migration rules of Tibetan antelope were determined. The data on the location of Tibetan antelopes were collected using the transect method, and the Maxent model was used to simulate its habitat distribution during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Using the Habitat Quality model and GIS spatial analysis method, we accurately identified the habitat range that was disturbed by human activities, such as urbanization, transportation, and animal husbandry, among other factors. The results showed that: Tibetan antelopes were mainly distributed in the southeast of the Chang Tang plateau during the non-breeding season for three-quarters of the year, which was typically located around lakes and rivers, such as Selinco. The over-winter area was approximately 260000 km². and antelopes choose grasslands and lakesides at an altitude of more than 4800 m. These areas were warm, close to water, and had abundant vegetation resources. During the breeding season, the habitat of Tibetan antelopes showed the trend of moving from south to north and were mostly distributed in small areas around the water in the northeastern, the mid-northern area of Chang Tang, and the southern foot of the Kunlun Mountain, covering an area of approximately 300000 km². When choosing a lambing area, greater importance occurred for the slope, nearby water sources, higher altitudes, and daily temperature differences. The selection and preference of vegetation types and coverage were weaker than that of the non-breeding season, and more importance occurred for the connectedness of migration channels and safety during calving. All human activities in the Chang Tang plateau are relatively weak, especially in the northern Chang Tang National Nature Reserve, which is an ideal habitat for Tibetan antelopes, but in the southern area, especially the southern part of Naqu and the southwest part of Ali, human activities are relatively high. Habitat affected by human activities, such as residential areas, roads, and animal husbandry, accounted for 39.7% of the wintering area and 34.9% of the lambing area. These areas should be given greater attention for the protection of the Tibetan antelope in the future.