The exploration of the characteristics of climate resources change and drought risk in each growth period of spring maize in Liaoning Province is beneficial to provide the theoretical basis for the formulation of suitable agriculture policy and enhance the climate adaptation of maize planting. Based on the daily meteorological data of 19 meteorological stations in Liaoning Province and the data of maize growth period, this study analyzes the temporal and spatial variation of total growth period (GDD), high temperature day (HDD) and precipitation for maize of 5 decades from 1970 to 2018 by day index, significance test, aridity index and geographic information technology, so as to explore the drought risk of spring maize in Liaoning Province. The results show that: (1) The overall trend of GDD for spring maize is increasing, but there are significant differences in the period of seedling, maturity and whole breeding period. High values of GDD are mainly distributed in Chaoyang, Anshan and other regions. (2) HDD shows an obvious increasing trend in the whole growth period for spring maize from 2000 to 2018, especially in the heading period. (3) The precipitation varies greatly in the period of jointing, heading and maturity, especially in the central region. and its distribution changes a lot from 1990 to 1999. (4)Aridity index of spring maize in Liaoning Province is different at different periods, the risk of drought caused by the increase of HDD and the decrease of precipitation is higher from the polymerization analysis of drying index and GDD、HDD and precipitation. (5)With the heat resources of spring maize in Liaoning Province increasing and the precipitation decreasing, the risk of extreme high temperature and agricultural drought will be increased in the future. Therefore, the future work should be focused on regional study on agricultural climate change and its impact on agriculture.