With the rapidly economic development for more than 40 years and the increasingly severe problems of ecological environment in China, more and more attention has been paid to ecological construction. The strategic position of ecological construction has been greatly enhanced since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Although China's ecological environment governance has been implemented for decades, the quality of ecological environment should still be improved much better, and now, China is still in the intensive implementation period of major ecological projects. Summing up of the development course and historical experience of ecological construction can provide some enlightenment and reference for the implementation and benefit promotion in the future and promote the construction of ecological civilization in China. China's Ecological Construction course has been reviewed in this paper, and three stages had been divided according to the comparison of ecological destruction and ecological protection forces in different periods. Finally, we put forward some suggestions and prospects for the ecological development. Main points were as follows:(1) Bounded by 1978 and 2000, the course of ecological construction in China was divided into three stages:the initiation stage of ecological construction dominated by ecological damage and lack of ecological protection, the start-up stage of ecological construction with less ecological protection than ecological damage, and the rapid development of ecological construction and ecological civilization stage with more ecological protection than ecological damage. (2) Great achievements have been made in the implementation of China's ecological construction:vegetation of forest and grass has been restored, degraded land has been effectively managed, the industrial output value in mountainous and pastoral areas has been increasing, in the income of farmers and herdsmen has been continuously improved, and the task of overcoming poverty has been gradually completed, and the ecological civilization and green development concept have been formed in the development of ecological projects. (3) In future ecological construction, we should reduce the pressure of the economic system on ecological system through the green development model to support ecological construction laterally. We should recognize the law of ecological construction development and establish a scientific start-up and exit mechanism of ecological project to avoid the dislocation of construction period in ecological project. And, we should also improve the dynamic management level of ecological projects to promote the quality of ecological construction projects and management.