In order to promote the sustainable development of water resources-energy-food-support system security in China, we explore security of water resources-energy-food and its spatio-temporal development regularity in China. In this paper, the fuzzy matter-element method and the coupling coordination degree model are used to calculate and analyze the water resources-energy-food ecological security level and coupling coordination degree of 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China from 2004 to 2017 by using ArcGIS spatial analysis, core density, Gini coefficient and variation coefficient. The results showed that:① in terms of time, security index of China was on the rise; in terms of space, China's security index level was generally good except Qinghai and Tibet. ② The economic and social subsystem grew rapidly, the level of water resources subsystem and the index of food security were poor. The energy subsystem is differentiated significantly and small improvement in management and maintenance.③ The coordination degree of security in China increased from 0.170 in 2004 to 0.348 in 2017, showing an overall upward trend. ④ The spatial evolution of the coordination degree of security could be divided into four types:ascending type, descending type, smooth type, and undulating type.