The coal mining activities can support the regional economic development and social life, while negatively impact the regional eco-environment, which has greatly affected local livelihoods of farmers. This paper interpreted the changes of land use/land cover (LUCC) of typical villages in Yangquan mining area before and after coal mining based on high-resolution remote sensing image. The land-lost farmers of the villages were interviewed to evaluate the livelihood dynamics and the livelihood capitals among different types of land-lost farmers based on the sustainable livelihood framework (SLF) and the participatory rural appraisal (PRA). The results showed that: 1) coal mining has changed the LUCC of villages. The cropland has decreased sharply from 69.72% to 29.42%; Industrial and mining land has increased significantly from 7.51% to 25.01%; Rural construction land, forestland, grassland and water area increased respectively. 2) The farmers' livelihood has changed with the development of coal mining. Farmers' diversified economy was an important feature in coalmine area. The livelihood capitals were significantly different among different types of land-lost farmers. 3) Different livelihood capital structure resulted in unequal livelihood sustainable development ability of farmers. The higher the aggregate value of livelihood capital, the stronger the sustainability of farmers' livelihood. The research on farmers' livelihood in mining communities provides scientific basis for promoting the rational allocation of farmers' livelihood capital and improving the relationship between mining enterprises and farmers.