As the largest economic zone and the economic center with the strongest comprehensive strength in China, the Yangtze River Delta has developed rapidly in urbanization and industrialization. However, under the high-intensity influence and intervention of human activities, the resource and environmental problems in the region have become increasingly prominent:the increase of ecological environment vulnerability, the acceleration of vulnerability development trend and a series of problems have seriously affected the sustainable development of the Yangtze River Delta, the fragile characteristics of the regional ecological environment have become a new ecological environment fragile zone in China. Based on the data of the natural, economic, social and environmental conditions of the Yangtze River Delta and the comprehensive vulnerability assessment indicators at home and abroad (natural and human factors), the ecological environment assessment of the Yangtze River Delta was carried out. It was found that the specific ecological and environmental problems in the region mainly included soil pollution, urban air pollution, water environment pollution, land subsidence and so on. By analyzing the current situation, specific causes and impacts of four types of eco-environmental problems (soil pollution, air pollution, water environment pollution and land subsidence) in the Yangtze River Delta, combined with the research results of ecological restoration technology at home and abroad, the types of ecological restoration technology (physical method, chemical method, biological method and ecological method), basic principles, advantages and disadvantages of four types of eco-environmental problems in the region were discussed in detail. At the same time, the feasibility, safety and economy of different ecological restoration technologies in the process of pollution control were evaluated aiming to evaluate the restoration potential of ecological restoration technologies in the process of environmental pollution control in the region with the above theoretical research as the reference standard, so as to provide a scheme and theoretical reference for the treatment and restoration of ecological environmental problems in the Yangtze River Delta. The healthy development of the ecological environment in the Yangtze River Delta requires various efforts, all members of society need to enhance their awareness of ecological and environmental protection, establish sound policies, laws and regulations related to ecological restoration, apply interdisciplinary comprehensive restoration technology, and revise the theoretical system and technical specifications of ecological restoration. The above measures were designed to provide technical guarantee for the construction of ecological civilization and sustainable development in the Yangtze River Delta, and promote the coordinated development of ecological and environmental protection and economy and society in the region.