In order to analyze the spatial structure dynamic characteristics of the evergreen broad-leaved forest in Tianmu Mountain, a permanent sample plot (1 hm²) in Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve was surveyed every 5 years from 2005 to 2015. Based on the filed data collected from these three surveys, dominance index analysis was applied to determine the dominant tree species. For easy analysis, the dominant tree species were divided into three dominant species groups: evergreen broad-leaved species, evergreen conifer species, and deciduous broad-leaved species. Then, spatial structure parameters such as aggregation index, tree species diversity mingling, Hegyi competition index were used to analyze the spatial structure dynamic characteristics of the whole community and dominant tree species during 2005-2015. The results showed that: (1) the spatial structure of community was characterized by low-level aggregation, moderate mingling and moderate competition. The degree of aggregation and competition decreased, whereas the mingling degree remained stable. And the dynamic change overall characteristics of community spatial structure were as follows: the stability of mingling degree was the highest, followed by distribution pattern, and competitive situation was the lowest. (2) The composition of dominant tree species in community did not change significantly. Three dominant species groups all represented a low-level aggregated distribution pattern. Furthermore, evergreen broad-leaved species showed a low degree of mingling and moderate competition. Both evergreen conifer species and deciduous broad-leaved species showed a moderate mingling degree and low-level competition. The spatial structure dynamic characteristics of evergreen broad-leaves species was that the degree of aggregation and competition decreased, and mingling degree remained stable. It was basically consistent with the spatial structure dynamic characteristics of community. But, the spatial structure of evergreen conifer species and deciduous broad-leaved species had remained stable from 2005 to 2015. During the management of evergreen broad-leaved forest or the close-to-nature transformation management of plantation, attention should be paid to the dynamic characteristic of spatial structure of community and dominant tree species and determine the staged spatial structure optimization goals to gradually promote community succession. At present, there are few studies on dynamic monitoring of evergreen broad-leaved forest spatial structure. In the future, the establishment of a permanent sample plot network of evergreen broad-leaved forest with spatial structure as the goal will play an important role in understanding the relationship between structure and function of evergreen broad-leaved forest, revealing the formation mechanism and succession law of community.