Qinghai-Tibet Plateau plays an important role in ensuring nationally ecological security, developing alpine ecological grass-based livestock husbandry, and improving plateau people's livelihood. Therefore, realizing the sustainable development of alpine grass-based livestock husbandry is of great significance to promote the plateau ecological construction and the regional high quality development. However, the production efficiency and economic benefit of traditional grassland livestock husbandry are quite low, and the situation of grassland degradation is serious, largely attributed to the low carrying capacity of alpine grassland, the contradiction between herbage supply and livestock requirement, and the extensive management of livestock husbandry. The traditional grassland livestock husbandry should be transformed and upgraded to promote the coordinated development of plateau ecological protection, national park construction and people's livelihood improvement. In recent years, with the support of science and technology projects from the state and Qinghai Province, aiming at the bottlenecks of low efficiency, high resources consumption and poor benefit of traditional livestock system, we have carried out the technology research and demonstration of ecological grass-based livestock husbandry in Guinan County of Qinghai Province. After years' research and practice, we integrated a technology system for alpine ecological grass-based livestock husbandry, which contains "rational utilizing alpine grassland-establishing high yield artificial grassland-processing high quality silage and grass products-precisely allocating and utilizing forage-livestock nutrition balanced feeding-intensive processing plateau livestock products-developing integrated industries-regional function coupling development". The newly production system has actively promoted the transformation of the traditional grazing livestock management to ecological grass-based livestock husbandry, and promoted the coordinated development of ecology, production and livelihood in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alpine area. The works provide science and technology support for plateau ecological protection, improving grass-based livestock husbandry efficiency, and increasing local people's economic income. Meanwhile, these works have certain enlightenment on the adaptive management for typically ecological fragile areas in Western China, and the ecological protection and high-quality development of the upper reaches of the Yellow River.