In order to explore the relationship between the spatial distribution characteristics of plant communities in saline-alkali soils and the species diversity between communities, based on the data from 84 sample surveys of saline plant communities in saline-alkali land in northern Xinjiang, using the abundance of each species as an indicator, a two-way indicator species analysis method (TWINSPAN). In addition to trend correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), the quantitative classification and analysis of the relationship between community distribution and environmental factors, community species diversity and similarity change characteristics. The results showed that TWINSPAN quantitative classification can divide 84 plants into 11 types. The species diversity characteristics of each cluster type showed that cluster Ⅲ had the largest diversity, cluster X had the smallest diversity, and cluster Ⅲ had a significantly higher diversity than cluster X (P<0.05), cluster VⅡ had the highest uniformity, and the uniformity of cluster X was the smallest, and the uniformity of cluster Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of cluster cluster X (P<0.05), the richness of cluster cluster I was the largest, the richness of cluster cluster X was the smallest, and the richness of cluster cluster I was significantly higher than that of cluster cluster X (P<0.05), among all clusters, cluster Ⅲ contains the most species of halophytes, with 26 species; the similarity feature was that cluster V and cluster VⅡ are the most similar, and the competition between cluster V and cluster VⅡ species was relatively high small, high cluster stability. The CCA ranking results showed that the distribution of halophyte clusters in saline-alkali land in northern Xinjiang was related to altitude, average temperature, soil pH, etc. Among them, the highest impact was altitude, followed by average temperature, precipitation, evaporation, soil conductivity, and terrain factor slope has little effect on the distribution of each group. The analysis of the number classification and species diversity changes of saline-alkali soil plant communities in northern Xinjiang reveals the spatial distribution characteristics of plant communities in saline-alkali soil in northern Xinjiang: It was of great significance for the investigation and protection of plant germplasm resources in the saline-alkali soils in Xinjiang.