Taking Daqing Mountain in Inner Mongolia as the research area, we extracted the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) based on four TM/OLI images. The dimidiate pixel model was used to calculate vegetation coverage. The distribution pattern, dynamic changes and terrain differentiation of vegetation coverage were detected in temperate continental semi-arid monsoon climate zone from 2000 to 2017. The results showed that: (1) during the study period, the functional planning of the study area was changed from economic development to national nature reserve. With the change, vegetation coverage decreased and then increased, tending well overall. The average area of 64.19% was dominated by medium-high vegetation coverage. (2) The spatial pattern of vegetation coverage was generally characterized by the distribution of "high east and low west, south high and low north". The mid-high vegetation coverage was concentrated in the southern part of Hohhot section and Wulanchabu section of Daqing Mountain, while the low vegetation coverage was mainly distributed in the western section of the mountain. (3) During the study period, 32.46% of vegetation coverage in the study area was improved and 12.92% of vegetation was degraded, indicating that the vegetation coverage in the study area improved overall. (4) The topographic factor had a significant impact on the vegetation coverage distribution pattern in the study area. Vegetation coverage increased with altitude, and was the highest in the 2000-2296 m elevation. Vegetation coverage was positively correlated with slope, and the higher the slope, the greater the vegetation cover. Vegetation coverage was significantly different in different slope directions. The overall vegetation coverage shows the distribution that shady slope is larger than flat land and flat land is larger than sunny slope.