The overwintering site is the key period that affects the population dynamics of migratory birds, and the quality of overwintering habitat plays an important role in the survival of the overwintering population. The Black-necked Crane is rated on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (VU) and is also a national first-class protected wildlife in China. It is the only crane among the 15 known species that lives on the plateau all year round. Caohai Wetland is located in the Guizhou Plateau, and it is the largest overwintering site for the Black-necked Crane worldwide. During the wintering period in the Caohai Wetland, the survival of Black-necked Cranes (Grus nigricollis) heavily depends on the farmland due to their foraging activities. However, there is a very fierce competition between humankind and cranes for the local land, which has led to an increased shrinkage of foraging habitats. By using the spatial point pattern analysis and overlay analysis on the buffer zone, this research aims to explore the correlation between the foraging habitats of Black-necked Crane and farmland, as well as precisely determine the key protection and administrative areas. The results are as follows:1) During the research period of two years (2016-2017, 2017-2018), a total of 216 foraging habitats of the Black-necked Crane were discovered in the surrounding farmlands at the Caohai Wetland. Among these habitats, 99 were foraging habitats of family groups and 117 were foraging habitats of flocking groups. Importantly, about 83% of the cranes depended on the farmland for foraging during the wintering period. 2) In terms of regional scale, the foraging habitats distribution of family groups and flocking groups were both aggregated; however, the aggregation degree of flocking groups was higher than that of the family groups. The foraging habitats and farmland were positively correlated in terms of spatial clustering and demonstrated a maximum clustering degree at the distance of 3.2 km. 3) Based on the spatial association, via the overlay analysis on the buffer zone, a total of 53.74 km² of farmlands were confirmed as the most suitable foraging habitats. Additionally, two primary core protection zonesand two secondary core protection zones were also delineated. The results have important theoretical and practical significance as they assist in revealing the spatial relationship between the foraging habitats and farmland at a regional scale, guiding the protection administrators to enhance administration on key zones and improving the regional land utilization planning and mitigation of land competition between humankind and cranes.