The ecological protection and restoration of full-array ecosystems (mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands) are related to the construction of ecological civilization and beautiful China, and related to the national ecological security and the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. Ecological protection and restoration of full-array ecosystems is an important part of ecological civilization construction, which is a powerful measure to implement the concept of green development and also could solve the current ecological environment and economic development between the inevitable requirements. In this study, the progress and general situation of ecological protection and restoration of full-array ecosystems in China were summarized and based on the theoretical core of full-array ecosystems as a community of shared life the core connotation and theoretical system of ecological protection and restoration are explained in detail. The basic theory is supported by ecosystem ecology. On the basis of watershed ecology, restoration ecology and landscape ecology, the spatial and temporal regional scale of interpretation of the community of full-array ecosystems and the coupling mechanism between the ecosystems within the basin. Then through the core viewpoint of compound ecosystem theory, the relationship system of social, economic and natural ecosystem of the community of full-array ecosystems is constructed and the sustainable development is the ultimate development goal and guiding discipline of ull-array ecosystems as a community of shared life. Based on the construction of the theoretical support system for the ecological protection and restoration of full-array ecosystems, this paper summarizes the applied technical system for the ecological protection and restoration of full-array ecosystems, Including repair and restoration technology, ecological construction technology, function improvement technology, service optimization technology and system operation and maintenance technology. By this paper, it could provide solid theoretical support and technical guidance for the ecological protection and restoration of full-array ecosystems in China.