Based on the 27 quadrat (20 m×20 m) investigation data of terricolus lichen communities in Bogda Mountain, the quantitative classification of species was carried out by two way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). The communities' structure characteristics, species diversity and similarity index were also analyzed. The relationship between species distribution of terricolous lichens and seven environmental factors was studied by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The results show that the terricolous lichen community can be divided into the following five associations according to the TWINSPAN analysis and DCA ordination. They are Association 1 (Assoc. Peltigera membranacea + Physconia muscigena); Association 2 (Assoc. Peltigera rufescens + Physconia muscigena); Association 3 (Assoc. Peltigera degenii + Peltigera elisabethae); Association 4 (Assoc. Cladonia pyxidata + Peltigera canina); and Association 5 (Assoc. Placidium squamulosum+Seirophora contortuplicata). Association 4 had the highest species diversity of 3.427 and Association 1 had the lowest diversity of 0.672; similarity between the Association 1 and 4 was the highest of 0.889 and Association between 3 and 4 was the lowest of 0.607. The CCA ordination result showed that the species composition and distribution pattern of terricolous lichens were most strongly influenced by light intensity, canopy density and human disturbance; the distribution patterns of lichen community were not significantly correlated with vegetation coverage and soil pH.