The Baiyang River Basin extends across two administrative districts including Dabancheng in the upper reaches of Urumqi city and Tuokesun County of Turpan City in the lower reaches, Xinjiang. The upper Dabancheng district is located in the dry area of alluvial and proluvial intermontane basin in front of Bogda peak of Tianshan Mountain. Many branches of source streams converge at the mouth of the southern end of the basin, and form the downstream from the gorge. Many tributaries supply the main stream of Baiyang River along the way. Baiyang River passes through Tuokesun County in the extremely arid Gobi desert and ends at Turpan City-Ayding Lake, one of the few typical irrigation areas in China which spans the superposition of drought and extreme drought. The effective utilization of water resources and protection of water ecological environment play an important role. According to the naturally ecological environment attributes formed by the river water system and the river water intake project nodes, Penman-Monteith ecological water demand quota, satellite remote sensing area identification, and hydrological year distribution method were used to analyze and evaluate water demand of the ecological environment vegetation, river ecological base flow and its regulation sections in the upper and lower reaches of the basin. The results show that the annual ecological water demand, ecological base flow, annual runoff proportion, and control section of Heigou River in Dabancheng district are 921 thousand m³, 0.29 m³/s, 18%, and Heigoutou section respectively; those of Aksu River are 1048 ten thousand m³, 0.33 m³/s, 12%, and Aksu canal head; those of Gaoyazi River are 862 ten thousand m³, 0.27 m³/s, 12%, and Gaoyazi channel head; and those of Ayding Lake are 4256 ten thousand m³, 1.35 m³/s, 32%, and the head of Xiaocaohu, where the downstream Tuokesun is regulated by the main stream of Baiyang River. The annual ecological water demand of Baiyang River Basin is 7880 ten thousand m³, the ecological base flow is 2.50 m³/s, and the ecological water accounts for 17% of the annual runoff. The results provide the basis for the management and protection of ecological environment in the basin.