This experiment aims to investigate the effects of three different harvesting methods of corn stalks on acarina and collembola community structures in cropland in the black soil region in winter. In 2018, we investigated the community structures of soil acarina and collembola in three plots with three different harvesting methods of corn stalks: machine-harvested corn stalks returning to the field (MH), artificially harvested corn stalks removing (AH), and artificially harvested corn stalks not removing (NR). A total of 1713 individuals belonging to 22 species were captured, of which 739 belonging to 16 species were in the MH plot, 401 belonging to 17 species were in the AH plot, 573 belonging to 16 species were in the NH plot.The highest individuals and species numbers of acarina and collembola were detected in the MH and AH plot, respectively. The highest values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and Simpson dominance index were all in the NR plot. Three harvesting methods of corn stalks had no significant effects on individuals, species numbers and diversity indices of acarina and collembola communities. The results of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that soil factors had different effects on individuals and species numbers of acarina and collembola communities. The distributions of dorminant and common species were significantly correlated with soil total phosphorus, water content, and total nitrogen content. This study suggests that acarina is the dominant group in the winter in the study area. NR is helpful to improving the diversity of the acarina and collembola community, and it has a positive effect on the protection of the structure and diversity of acarina and collembola community. This study provides a theoretical basis for the research and conservation of soil animal diversity in black soil cropland in winter.