The seasonally frozen ground in Qinghai Lake Basin in alpine and semi-arid region was studied in this paper. The effects of slope aspects and positions on distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) content at different depths were studied by means of field investigation, sample collection, and lab analysis. The results showed that the SOC content of both shady and sunny slopes decreased with the increase of soil depths, but the decrease range of the sunny slope (64%) was significantly higher than that of the shady slope (44%). The average SOC content on the shady slope was 81.99 g/kg, higher than that of the sunny slope (61.84 g/kg); the distribution characteristics of SOC content in different slope positions varied with slope aspects. On the shady slope, the average SOC content showed a trend of lower slope (89.60 g/kg) > middle slope (86.52 g/kg) > upper slope (69.87 g/kg); while on the sunny slope, the average SOC content tended to be upper slope (65.71 g/kg) > lower slope (61.42 g/kg) > middle slope (58.39 g/kg). In addition, the effect of slope positions on SOC content at different depths also varied in different slope aspects. The shady slope factor had a significant effect on SOC content at deep soil layers, while the sunny slope factor had a significant effect on SOC content at shallow soil layers. The results of general linear model showed that the SOC content in slopes was mainly affected by soil depths and slope aspects, which could explain 74.52% variability of SOC content.