Grazing is the main utilization method of desert steppe in Inner Mongolia. It is also one of the main anthropic disturbances contributing to desert steppe degradation. Studying the distribution pattern of soil organic carbon under different grazing intensity has important guiding significance for restoration of the degraded grassland and promotion of precision grazing technology. This experiment was based on long-term grazing plots with different grazing intensities (0, 0.93, 1.82, 2.71 sheep units/hm²/half year), using high-density sampling combined with geostatistics to study soil organic carbon and its spatial heterogeneity in desert steppe. The results showed that the total nitrogen content of 0-30 cm soil layer decreased significantly in moderate grazing (P<0.05), and the soil total phosphorus content firstly decreased and then increased with the increase of grazing intensity. Soil total nitrogen content decreased significantly with the deepening of soil depth in 0-30 cm soil layer of four treatments (P<0.05), but soil total phosphorus did not change significantly. Soil organic carbon content of the control plots was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and there was no significant difference in soil organic carbon content among different grazing treatments. Soil organic carbon content in every treatment decreased gradually with the deepening of the soil layer. The data distribution of organic carbon content in the four treatments was symmetrical, and the degree of data dispersion decreased with the deepening of soil layer. Soil organic carbon density decreased significantly in 0-20 cm soil layer under grazing (P<0.05), and the change trend was similar to that of organic carbon content. The C/N ratio in the 0-10 cm soil layer in heavy grazing area decreased significantly, but there was no significant change in 20-30 cm soil layer. In vertical distribution, the C/N ratio decreased significantly with the deepening of soil layer (P<0.05). The spatial heterogeneity of soil organic carbon and the degree of fragmentation of heterogeneous plaques increased with the increase of grazing intensity, but heavy grazing would change this trend, especially in moderate grazing to achieve a strong class of structural dependence. The nugget values of control and heavy grazing were higher, and the control had the largest base values among the four treatments. Elevation was negatively correlated with soil organic carbon content in control (P<0.01), lightly grazed and moderately grazed, but not with heavily grazed. Soil organic carbon content was positively correlated with soil total nitrogen content (P<0.01). Soil organic carbon content was positively correlated with soil total phosphorus content, and the correlation increased with the grazing intensity (P<0.01). In general, grazing reduced soil organic carbon content and storage, and improved spatial heterogeneity of soil organic carbon. Spatial variability of soil organic carbon content was affected by altitude and soil nutrients.