China is in a high stage of urbanization, and the national urbanization rate was 59.58% by 2018. The rapid expansion of the city has significantly changed the regional landscape pattern and the ecological system service functions (i.e. supply, regulation, culture, support services). In the past 30 years, the urban land has expanded by 554.23 km². Based on the analysis of the landscape pattern change of Xi'an, the concentric buffer zone method was used to explore the relationship between landscape index and ecosystem service value in urban-rural gradient. The purpose of this study was to reveal the impact of city development on urban ecosystem. The results showed that the area of landscape types in Xi'an changed remarkable from 1980 to 2015. The area of cultivated land and grassland decreased gradually, and the fluctuation of construction land area increased, which mainly due to the transformation of dominant landscape cultivated land. The area with the highest landscape fragmentation is mainly located in the urban-rural junction, about 10 km away from the city center. This region was characterized by the highest patch density, edge density and landscape segmentation. The variation trend of landscape index showed an inflection point in the 35 years change, and the point distance was gradually increased with the expansion of urban area. Forestland and cultivated land are the main land use types to provide the ecosystem services. The total ecological services value in Xi'an decreased by 956 million yuan, and the cultivated land had the most decreasing of ecological services value compared with other land use types (683 million Yuan). In the spatial scale, the average value of total ecosystem services had an increasing trend along the urban-rural gradient from the city center to the countryside, with fastest increasing rate in soil conservation ecosystem services. In the temporal scale, the average value of ecosystem services decreased year by year. While by analysis the impact of landscape pattern on the value of ecosystem services, it was found that there was a significant correlation between Shannon's Diversity Index and the value of ecosystem services, and the Largest Patch Index was highly negatively correlated with different types of ecosystem service value. Urban construction reduced the value of regional ecosystem services. In the future city development, it is necessary for us to plan land use and landscape pattern scientifically, so as to improve the quality of ecological environment and achieve the purpose of urban ecological livability.