In order to better protect the natural population of Phoebe bournei, exploring the characteristics, spatial distribution pattern and spatial correlation of the natural population of P. bournei is of great significance for proposing protection measures. Taking the natural population of P. bournei in Denglu Village, Taijiang County, Guizhou Province as the research object, a 60 m×60 m fixed sample plot was set up in the field, the age structure, spatial distribution pattern of different ages individuals and their correlation of P. bournei population were analyzed by the population diameter class structure instead of age structure and point pattern analysis methods. The results show that:(1) The age structure of P. bournei population is in an inverted "J" distribution, with a large number of juvenile individuals. With the increase of age, the number of individuals who can successfully enter the later stage drops sharply, and the mortality rate is high. The survival curve tends to Deevey-Ⅱ, indicating it is a stable population. The population has the highest life expectancy (e_x) in the 5th age class (7.5 cm ≤ DBH<12.5 cm). (2) The population distribution pattern of P. bournei changes from the cluster distribution to random distribution. In the stage of seedlings, saplings, and middle trees, the spatial distribution pattern tends to cluster distribution, and the large tree stage tends to random distribution. (3) The performance of spatial correlation between different growth stages is different. On the small scale, the big tree and the sapling are negatively related, and on the large scale, the two are positively related; on the small scale, the sapling and the seedling, the big tree and the sapling are all positively related, and the big tree and the middle tree are not related. On the large scale, large trees and medium trees, saplings and seedlings, medium trees and seedlings, and medium trees and saplings are all negatively correlated, and the negative correlation gradually increases as the spatial scale increases. In generally, the natural population of P. bournei is relatively stable, but it is sensitive to environmental disturbances. Young individuals compete fiercely due to their clustered distribution and are restricted by density, while adult individuals are randomly distributed due to competition with the environment. It is necessary to adjust the population structure at different stage by artificial regulation for maintaining the long-term stable P. bournei population.