Landscape pattern evolution and ecological environment responses were intensively affected by land use change. This research field has become the study hotspot of many scholars. In order to exactly evaluate the impact of land use change on landscape pattern and eco-environment, this paper takes Xunwu watershed as the research object. Both landsat5 TM images in 1995 and 2005, and Landsat8 OLI images in 2015 were selected for remote sensing interpretation. Therefore, land use data of three periods were obtained. Meanwhile, the dynamic change of land use and the evolution characteristics of landscape pattern were analyzed by ArcGIS10.2 and Frgstats4.2. In addition, remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) was used to evaluate the temporal and spatial evolution of eco-environment quality in Xunwu watershed from 1995 to 2015. Firstly, the results indicated that the area of orchard land (increased by 40.14%) and forest land (decreased by 33.91%) in the Xunwu watershed changed the most in the past 20 years. The area of water body changed the least with a decrease of 0.1%. Land use change is frequent with one-way characteristics. The "rising trend" of orchard land and "falling trend" of forest land are very obvious. Overall, changes were revealed as an unbalanced state. Secondly, the shannon's diversity index (SHDI) and modified simpson's evenness index (MSIEI) increased from 0.7083 and 0.2423 in 1995 to 1.114 and 0.5247 in 2015 at the landscape level, respectively. Index of CONTAG decreased from 72.93 in 1995 to 58.13 in 2015. Thus, landscape heterogeneity of the watershed is enhanced, and the fragmentation degree is also increased. Thirdly, the mean values of Xunwu watershed RSEI were 0.554, 0.544 and 0.550 in 1995, 2005 and 2015. It showed a trend of first decline and then increase. Eco-environment was improved suffering from degradation. The occupation of forest land is the main cause of the deterioration of eco-environment by the rapid expansion of orchard land. The primary causes of eco-environment improvement include returning orchard (cultivated) to forest, protecting ecological forest, and afforestation. This study would provide important scientific basis for land use planning, lucid waters and lush mountains pattern establishment, and ecological environment protection.