The spatial distribution pattern of aboveground biomass of inland salt marsh wetland vegetation and its influencing factors have important theoretical significance for wetland ecological hydrology. Our study aimed to use wetland community survey and support vector regression (SVR) model to explore the spatial heterogeneity of aboveground biomass of vegetation and its influencing factors. The study site was located in Sugan Lake wetland at the northwestern end of Haizi Grassland, Akesai County, Gansu Province, China (94° 10' 33″-94° 14' 43″ E, 39° 01' 25″-39° 05' 32″ N), and the elevation is between 2795-2808 m. The study area is divided into 5 ecological functional areas based on differences in landscape, landforms, vegetation, water and soil resources, and ecological and environmental issues. We chose 425 plots randomly and set in the 5 ecological functional areas, each plot was set with 1 m×1 m quadrat. The species, coverage, height, density and aboveground biomass of all plants in the quadrat were measured, and repeated 3 times. The aboveground biomass data of 275 community quadrats were selected as the response variables of the model, and the remaining 150 data were selected as the test model variables, the aboveground biomass of vegetation in the whole area was inversely performed, and the influence of water and salt on it was analyzed. The results showed that support vector regression model had high fitting accuracy in the retrieval of aboveground biomass of inland salt marsh wetland vegetation, and the predicted values of the model and the field measured values were tested with significant positive correlation (P<0.01, R²=0.81). The spatial pattern of aboveground biomass of wetland plant communities in different regions of Sugan Lake presented complex spatial differentiation rules, and there were significant differences in response to groundwater depth and total salt content of soil:with the increase of groundwater depth and total salt content of soil, the aboveground biomass of vegetation in He-hong area first increased and then decreased; there was a significant positive correlation between the aboveground biomass of vegetation and groundwater depth in the Hu-shui area, while the total salt content of soil was the opposite; with the increase of groundwater depth, the aboveground biomass of vegetation in Shan-hong area first increased and then decreased; the aboveground biomass of vegetation in Quan-shui decreased with the increase of groundwater depth; there was no significant correlation between aboveground biomass of vegetation and groundwater depth and total salt content of soil in Tai-di area. This study reflects the ecological adaptation mechanism of wetland plants to the changes of environmental factors such as soil water and salt.