Ecosystem degradation seriously affects regional sustainable development. Therefore, ecosystem restoration has become a critical issue. China's ecologically vulnerable regions are widely distributed and the degradation of ecosystems is remarkable. Desertification, soil erosion, and rocky desertification have become prominent problems. To address these problems, China has launched a series of ecological restoration projects and accumulated a large number of ecological restoration modes. This study clarified the current situation and eco-environmental problems in the key ecologically vulnerable regions (northern wind-sand, Tibetan Plateau, arid desert, Loess Plateau, and karst regions), listed the ecological restoration modes according to the ecologically vulnerable regions and their sub-regions, and developed a comprehensive evaluation index system for the restoration modes. The comprehensive benefits of ecological restoration were assessed based on field surveys and data collection. This study suggested that biodiversity and ecosystem services should be promoted as an important goal for restoration practices, the cost-benefit analysis of ecological restoration modes should be strengthened, and a comprehensive design of an ecological restoration management system should be developed. The establishment of an ecological restoration information platform for ecologically vulnerable regions can provide decision support for the selection and optimization of ecological restoration modes.