The project of ecological restoration of abandoned mines is an inevitable step of the construction of socialist ecological civilization. Besides, it is an essential measure for us, following the natural law, to untangle the complications in the ecological environment protection and restoration in mining areas. The abandoned mines, left from the exploitation of mineral resources, inevitably affect and even destroy the regional ecological environment and ecosystem. This study, based on the distribution of the abandoned mines, their current major environmental problems and Chinese regional ecological characteristics, put forward strategies to restore the ecology of the abandoned mines in China. Firstly, under the comprehensive ecological regionalization of China, the research delineated the ecological restoration regions of the abandoned mines, considering the factors of topography, landform, regional ecosystem structure and function. Then, the general guiding ideas and basic principles of ecological restoration of the abandoned mines were clarified, while its main models were proposed. Secondly, with a comprehensive analysis of regional ecosystem stability, geography, climatic conditions and characteristics of the abandoned mines, the paper identified the main environmental and ecological problems in those regions. Furthermore, specific measures to control ecosystem degradation and to restore the damaged ecological functions were presented. Altogether, the study provides technical support and decision-making reference for the ecological restoration of the abandoned mines in China.