The identification and construction of ecological security pattern is the basic spatial approach to guarantee the ecological security of arid areas and realize sustainable development. Shiyang River Basin is a typical Arid Inland River Basin with extremely fragile and sensitive ecological environment. Based on the ecological background characteristics of Shiyang River Basin, this paper selected and evaluated four ecosystem services, including water resources, biodiversity, soil and water conservation and desertification, to identify ecological source areas. Using a new index-based built-up index(IBI)and net primary productivity(NPP)as resistance factors, the basic resistance surface was constructed by the weighted superposition method. The ecological corridor and ecological function node were identified by the minimum cumulative resistance(MCR) model and hydrological analysis, and the ecological security pattern was constructed. The results showed that(1)from 2005 to 2015, Shiyang River Basin's ecological source area increased, and the ecological quality improved, especially in Minqin oasis area in the lower reaches and Qilian mountain area in the upper reaches. In 2005, 2010 and 2015, the proportions of ecological source area in the total area of the basin were 16.7%, 14.7%, and 19.8%.(2)The spatial and temporal pattern of ecological corridor and ecological node showed that from 2005 to 2015, the total number of ecological nodes in Shiyang River Basin did not change significantly, while the number of ecological corridors increased significantly, and the overall ecological security pattern network in the basin tended to be complex and perfect. In both 2005 and 2010, 36 ecological nodes were extracted. In 2015, 35 ecological corridors were extracted. The number of ecological corridors increased from 23 in 2005 to 47 in 2015.(3) Based on the ecological security pattern analysis from 2005 to 2015, the optimal layout mode of "functional area of oasis corridor" with "two zones, three oases, five corridors, and multiple centers" as the core was proposed. This study provides reference and decision-making basis for ecological environment management and restoration, regional layout and planning of Shiyang River Basin.