China's rapid urbanization has induced a series of ecological and environmental problems, which has resulted in increasing environmental resource disputes or conflicts. Among them, mass incidents caused by major environmental pollution have become more pressing issues affecting social stability. Since environmental cases are highly technical, environmental courts are emerging. At present, there are some limitations for the establishment and operation of environmental courts in China. In this circumstance, the newly enacted global strategy for sustainable urbanization put forward new demands for the construction and development of the environmental courts. With the goals of "fairness, security, health, convenience, affordability, resilience and sustainability", new demands for environmental court construction have been created in terms of poverty alleviation, inclusive society and disaster-resistant capacity. To push forward sustainable urbanization, the empowerment of environmental rights, expansion of jurisdiction, and establishment of environmental resources trial advisory committee are imperative for the construction of environmental courts in China.