Based on the ecological risk assessment framework, this study utilized the ecological equivalent method, the ecological health assessment model, and the related analysis method to implement ecological risk assessment for the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan (Changzhutan) urban agglomeration and classify the levels of risk. The results showed that (1) With the urbanization of urban agglomerations on the upgrade, the regionally ecological risks rose simultaneously. Ecosystem indexes including ecosystem service value, ecosystem organization, ecosystem vitality, and ecosystem resilience have demonstrated a downward trend. (2) The Pearson correlation coefficient between the artificial surface ratio and the ecological index indicated that there was a negative correlation between them, and the artificial surface ratio was a key factor responsible for ecological risk increase. (3) The artificial surface ratio of urban agglomeration should be controlled below 36% for better ecological risk management and land ecological restoration. To sum up, the evaluation framework can serve as the evaluation endpoint for regional ecological risks.