Tamarix cones, as one of special bio-geographical phenomena, play a crucial role in maintaining the stability of desert environments. The main objectives of this study were to explore soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometric features, and to clarify the relationships between soil C, N, P stoichiometry and environmental factors in the southwest of Gurbantunggut Desert. Soil samples were collected in the Tamarix cones for analyzing soil physico-chemical properties including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water content, grain composition, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) content. The results showed that (1) with the increase of soil depth, the SOC and TN decreased firstly and then increased, and soil C and N were the highest in the surface layer, showing "fertile island effect"; and TP was weakly fluctuated along the soil profiles. With the increase of soil depth, C/N decreased firstly and then increased, and decreased again. C/P and N/P decreased firstly and then increased. (2) Compared with the global soils and the averages of China, soil C, N, P, C/P and N/P in the Tamarix cones were relatively lower, but C/N was relatively higher. The degree of deficiency of soil nutrient elements were ranked in order N > C > P. The soil nutrients and their stoichiometric ratios exhibited a significantly linear relationships with other nutrients, and the stoichiometric ratios were dominated by C and N in surface layers (0-200 cm), while in deep layers (200-500 cm) they were limited not only C and N, but also P. (3) In the soil layers of 0-200 cm, soil nutrients and its stoichiometry were susceptible to climatic factors such as precipitation, temperature and evaporation. However, in the soil layers of 200-500cm, soil nutrient and its stoichiometriy was influenced by soil water content.. Soil clay, silt and sand also had significant effects on soil C, N, P and their stoichiometric ratios throughout the soil profiles.