Soil enzymes play an important role in the material cycle and energy flow of soil ecosystem, and are strongly affected by land use patterns. Karst area has the characteristics of wide exposed area of rock and shallow discontinuity of soil layer, and increased with the aggravation of human interference intensity. However, the progress on the response of soil enzymes related to carbon and nitrogen cyclingto exposed rock (soil rock interface) under different land use disturbance gradients is weak. In this study, we selected Chenqi and Tianlongshan river basins in karst area of Guizhou Province as the research areas to explore the differences of soil organic matter hydrolase activities and their driving factors of soil-rock interface under four different disturbance gradients: primary forest, secondary forest, abandoned farmland and cultivated land. The results showed that: (1) when the land use pattern changed from forest to abandoned farmland or cultivated land,the content of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N), ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) and SOC/TN decreased with the increase of human disturbance intensity. The pH, SOC and NH₄⁺-N contents of the soil-rock interface were higher in the four soils with different disturbance intensities. (2)Soil enzyme activities differed significantly between soil-rock interface and bulk soil under different disturbance gradients. The activities of β-1,4-glucosidase (βG), β-1,4-xylanase (βX), cellulose disaccharide hydrolase (CBH) and α-1,4-glucosidase (αG) related to carbon cycle were higher in abandoned farmland and cultivated land than in primary and secondary forests.The β-1,4-N-acetylglucuronidase (NAG) and leucine aminopeptidase(LAP) related to nitrogen cycle showed higher activity in primary forest and abandoned farmland. All the hydrolases had the highest activity at the rock-soil interface of abandoned farmland. (3) RDA analysis showed that the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) had the greatest influence on soil hydrolase activity, and contributed to the variation of 33.4% (P=0.002). Soil pH, SOC and NH₄⁺-N were significantly correlated with enzyme activities. In conclusion, land use and rock exposure significantly affected the physical and chemical properties and hydrolase activity of soil; at the same time, the soil rock interface of the abandoned farmland maintained a high carbon and nitrogen turnover enzyme activities, which reflected that the nutrient cycling function of soil still existed under long-term restoration. The results further indicates that returning farmland to forest and grassland are of great significance to ecosystem restoration and sustainable use of land resources in karst areas.