To examine the impact of conservation tillage on the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities, we conducted a three year-experiment of winter wheat in mountain areas of southern Ningxia. The experiment included four treatments: no-tillage mulching and bioorganic fertilizer (NF), no-tillage, mulching and no bioorganic fertilizer (NC), conventional tillage without mulching and bioorganic fertilizer (TF), and conventional tillage without mulching and no organic bioorganic fertilizer (TC). By using high-throughput sequencing based on Miseq platform, the V3 and V4 regions of 16S rRNA genes of soil bacteria were analyzed to explore the structure and the diversity of soil bacterial community. The results showed that soil pH of NF treatment significantly decreased (P=0.03^*), total nitrogen (P=0.002^{* *}) and total carbon increased (P=0.0001^{* *}) compared to TC. NF treatment also significantly influenced ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen (P=0.007^{* *}). From 16 soil samples, 13093 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from the total of 196423 sequences were obtained. About 27 Phylum, 86 classes, 125 orders, 213 families, and 315 genera of bacteria were identified. Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum of soil bacteria, and the relative abundance of these phylum reached to the 82.40% of the total relative abundance based on the phylum level. Compared to TF, no-tillage mulching and bioorganic fertilizer (NE) increased soil bacterial diversity index (Simpson index and Shannon index), and decreased richness index (ACE index). (NMDS) and multivariate analysis (PCA) showed that the soil bacterial community richness index (ACE and Chao1) and diversity index (Simpson and Shannon) positively related to soil pH, available phosphorus and soil carbon-nitrogen ratio while negatively related to soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and total soil carbon. Soil pH and SMBC were the main driving factors that affected acidobacteria and actinomycetes, respectively. Although both bioorganic fertilizer and tillage were important factors that affected the composition of the soil bacterial community, The effect of bioorganic fertilizer on diversity of the soil bacterial community was greater than tillage did. In addition, bioorganic fertilizer increased the yield of winter wheat under both traditional tillage and no-tillage muclhing, and this yield effect was greater in TF treatment than in the other treatments. The study suggested that conventional tillage with bioorganic fertilizer can be an important way to improve soil physical and chemical properties and increas richness and diversity of soil bacterial community.