Traditionally, it has been assumed that all acclimation changes to the phenotype enhanced the performance of an individual organism in the environment in which those changes were induced (beneficial acclimation hypothesis, BAH). However, since the responses of different eco-physiological properties of animals to acclimation may be inconsistent, the phenotypes selected for testing are particularly critical for the verification of BAH. Thus, it is necessary to integrate different eco-physiological properties that characterize the fitness of the organism and to explore their response mode to acclimation. To verify the hypotheses (e.g. BAH) related to thermal acclimation, Spinibarbus sinensis, which is widely distributed in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze river in China, was taken as the object to investigate the effects of acclimation temperature (18℃ and 28℃) and test temperature (18℃ and 28℃), as well as their interactions on the aerobic and anaerobic swimming performance of this species. We confirmed that the responses of different eco-physiological properties in S. sinensis to temperature acclimation were not consistent. (1) In addition to maximum linear acceleration (A_max), acclimation temperature had no significant influence on maximum linear velocity (V_max), latency time (T_Latency) and escape distance during the first 120 ms after the stimulus (S_{120 ms}) that characterize fast-start performance of S. sinensis (P>0.05). The data tend to support "no-advantage hypothesis". (2) Acclimation temperature had a significant effect on critical swimming speed (U_crit) and maximum metabolic rate (MMR) that characterize aerobic swimming performance of S. sinensis (P<0.05). The U_crit and MMR of the individuals acclimated to 18℃ and tested at 18℃ outperformed than those acclimated to 28℃ and tested at 18℃. The data tend to support the BAH as well as "cooler is better hypothesis" at least in part. (3) Both acclimation temperature, test temperature and water velocity had significant effects on active metabolic rate (MO₂) and the energetic cost of transport (COT) in S. sinensis (P<0.05). Interestingly, acclimation temperature had no effect on MO₂ and COT when the swimming speed was less than 30 cm/s, and in that case "no-advantage hypothesis" was supported. Whereas the MO₂ and COT of the individuals acclimated to 28℃ were lower than those acclimated to 18℃ no matter the test temperature was 28℃ or 18℃ at a specific flow rate (greater than 30 cm/s), and in that case "warmer is better hypothesis" was supported. Overall, the data from our studies rejected the generality of the BAH. The results indicated that the verification of the BAH was not only influenced by the choice of phenotypic traits, but also strongly affected by the selection pressure of the test environment.