In order to explore the influence of community structure and environmental factors on the distribution and development of Machilus thunbergii in Zhejiang Province, 172 Machilus thunbergii communities were classified and ranked quantitatively and their environment was analyzed by using TWINSPAN, Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), and interspecific association analysis. The results showed that: (1) 172 sample plots were divided into 8 community types based on the TWINSPAN. Machilus thunbergii was the dominant species or the main companion species in the community. The difference of community types was an important reason affecting the growing and regeneration of Machilus thunbergii. (2) Altitude and slope were the dominant environmental factors that determined the distribution and development of Machilus thunbergii. As a dominant species, Machilus thunbergii was mainly characterized by altitude below 900 m and slope below 35°. (3) Castanopsis eyrei, Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Schima superba were the stable dominant species in the community, and the interspecific association results showed significant positive correlation with Machilus thunbergii.