Most existing ecological restoration practices carry out the segmented governance of various ecosystems, which go against the comprehensive ecological protection and restoration. The principle of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands being a life community demands the synergistic characteristics and organic links between ecological factors and ecosystems, while the ecological restoration theory focuses on the driving factors of damaged ecosystems, the path of ecological restoration, and intervention measures. The combination of above two can provide a solid theoretical and technical basis for ecological protection and restoration. Based on the theoretical connotation of restoration ecology, taking the Mountain Tai Region as the research object, this paper diagnosed the regional ecological problems and clarified the formation mechanism by applying the ecological principles of physical energy cycle and transformation. The mutual influences and restraints among various elements (subsystems) of the life community were specified and the ecological degradation mechanism of mining activities (geological damage)-vegetation degradation-soil loss-landscape disorder was determined. Therefore, this paper proposed the path of "landform remodeling, vegetation recovery, water body reconstruction and landscape reproduction". Meanwhile, this paper attempts to build an evaluation indicator system consisting of 13 indicators from three perspectives including ecological risk, ecological status, and ecological resilience. Through assessing the effectiveness of ecological restoration, the goal of effective ecological restoration can be well guided and fulfilled.