Understanding the internal relationships among elements of the mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands life community is an important basis for its protection and systematic management. This study quantitatively analyzed internal relationships among elements of the mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands life community in Changbai Mountains via spatial overlay analysis. Our results showed that the population and urban area in Changbai mountains were significantly positively correlated with the cropland area (population:R²=0.789,P < 0.05; urban area:R²=0.863, P < 0.05). Distribution of cropland was spatially correlated with the distribution of surface water (r=0.812). Cropland area was positively correlated with surface water area (R²=0.96, P < 0.01). The patterns of river and soil-type distribution were closely related to topography and landform in this region. There was a significant negative linear correlation between soil erosion area and forest coverage in Changbai mountains (R²=0.824, P < 0.05). Therefore, we believe that protection and restoration of the mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands life community in Changbai Mountains should focus on the internal relationships among the six elements and carry out corresponding projects in terms of their systematic and holistic characteristics.