From the perspective of the ecosystem pattern and quality, the effectiveness of the pilot project for ecological protection and restoration of multi ecological elements in Ganzhou was comprehensively evaluated based on the central idea of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands system as a community of life. The results are as follows:(1) For ecosystem pattern, the area of forest, farm and urban ecosystems in Ganzhou increased significantly. More than 40% of grassland ecosystems were converted to forest ecosystems, and nearly 45% of urban ecosystem area increment were contributed by grassland ecosystems. In addition, landscape fragmentation in most natural ecosystems was intensified, and the largest patch index (LPI) of forest ecosystems were decreased from 54.36 to 37.41, while the LPI in semi-natural ecosystems were increased. (2) Regarding ecosystem quality, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of Ganzhou was stable above 0.7 and showed an increasing trend. The comprehensive control area of soil erosion increased from 16543.8 km² to 18550.4 km², and the water quality in key river basins was basically stable at Grade II and III. For the quality of soil environment, urban ecosystems were less threatened by the risk of soil heavy metal pollution. But the soil of farm ecosystems in some areas were at higher risk of being contaminated by one or more heavy metals. Overall, the ecological protection and restoration project in Ganzhou has achieved remarkable effectiveness, and the planning objectives in the implementation plan have been well completed. In the further ecological restoration work, there are three problems should be taken seriously, including the natural ecosystems with severe landscape fragmentation, the rivers with large fluctuations in water quality, and the farm ecosystems with high risk of heavy metal pollution.