The major ecological protection and restoration project mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands is an essential exploration of the complex ecological environment governance in China. Considering that the impact of climate change on major ecological projects has not been systematically considered in most major ecological projects, this paper summarizes the responses of major ecological projects in alpine grassland, boreal forest areas, and wind sand source areas in north China to climate change, taking the "Three-River Sources Ecological Project", the "Three North Shelterbelt Development Program", and "Beijing and Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project" in China as examples. Moreover, the feedback relationships and degrees of influence were analyzed between major ecological engineering and climate change, and problems and suggestions during the project implementation were noted. The results show that:(1) Research on the impact of climate change on major ecological engineering is insufficient and lacks concept, especially that related to the structure, function, biodiversity, and vulnerability of regional ecosystems as well as the contribution of climate change to engineering implementation. (2) Lack of effective assessment methods for distinguishing between climate change and project implementation effects on ecosystem, and present quantitative calculations of climate change on ecosystem restoration control tests and calculation methods are relatively rare. Furthermore, the lack of future risk assessments on climate change mean that measures are unable to maximize ecological benefits. Therefore, in the future design and implementation of the major ecological protection and restoration project mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands, we must consider the influence of natural laws, geographical zone differences, and climate factors on the ecosystem, and strengthen the construction of climate change-based scientific ecological comprehensive monitoring and engineering evaluation systems. Thus, scientists can develop different measures according to different future climate change scenarios, which can be adjusted according to real-time climate monitoring, so that ecological engineering can maximize the benefits of the ecosystem and ensure systematic, regional, and integral restoration projects.